ABSTRACT
The health sector is focusing on the wellness of the society, is advancing in the phases of diagnosis and treatment. Biosensors based devices are used to diagnose a variety of human diseases. Recently, there was a sudden hike in the human mortality rate by chronic diseases caused by mutants of SARS-COV-2, on global scale. It is important to detect these kinds of diseases on an early stage to reduce the risk of spreading. For the analysis of Covid-19 influenza, tests such as Rapid Antigen Test (RAT), True NAT, CBNAAT and the commonly done RPT PCR were utilised. This proposal describes a non-invasive, quick and practical method for sensing the at-risk or infected persons with SARS-COV-2, aiming at controlling the epidemic. The proposed method employs a breath sensing device consisting of a Graphene Field Effect Transistor biosensor which can identify disease-specific biomarkers from exhaled sniff, hence allowing speedy and precise detection. This test aids screening of large populations as it is simple and quick and emerges as a promising candidate for SARS-COV-2 tests due to a high sensitivity. This work justifies the accurate diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COV 2 from aerosol particles by GFET Biosensor.
ABSTRACT
Over the past few decades, the field of organic electronics has depicted proliferated growth, due to the advantageous characteristics of organic semiconductors, such as tunability through synthetic chemistry, simplicity in processing, cost-effectiveness, and low-voltage operation, to cite a few. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have recently emerged as a highly promising technology in the area of biosensing and flexible electronics. OECT-based biosensors are capable of sensing brain activities, tissues, monitoring cells, hormones, DNAs, and glucose. Sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit are the key parameters adopted for measuring the performance of OECT-based biosensors. This article highlights the advancements and exciting prospects of OECTs for future biosensing applications, such as cell-based biosensing, chemical sensing, DNA/ribonucleic acid (RNA) sensing, glucose sensing, immune sensing, ion sensing, and pH sensing. OECT-based biosensors outperform other conventional biosensors because of their excellent biocompatibility, high transconductance, and mixed electronic-ionic conductivity. At present, OECTs are fabricated and characterized in millimeter and micrometer dimensions, and miniaturizing their dimensions to nanoscale is the key challenge for utilizing them in the field of nanobioelectronics, nanomedicine, and nanobiosensing.
ABSTRACT
Learning outcomes: This case enables students to understand the nature of a typical crisis and manage a crisis drawing insights from the protagonist handling of the crisis and from the various crisis management models in the literature. The rich description of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the world in this case enables students to understand the nature of a typical external crisis. The critical appraisal of the protagonist’s plans and actions to overcome the crisis enables students to appreciate the various crisis management frameworks or models. In addition, students get perspectives about the leadership skills and competencies required during a crisis. In this way, students will not only learn about the theoretical concepts related to the crisis but also the practical know-how to effectively handle the crisis. Case overview/synopsis: This case study describes the functioning of the International Delhi Public School (IDPS) Akhnoor, Jammu, and Kashmir, India, through the COVID-19 global crisis. The IDPS academic operations were disrupted because of the COVID-19 global crisis in March 2020. The protagonist, KCS Mehta, the school principal of IDPS, faced with the crisis, takes various steps to ensure the smooth transition of school’s academic operations from the physical mode to the online mode. This case explains the nature of an external crisis that completely crippled the organization’s day-to-day operations and how the organization’s leader tried to manage the crisis to revitalize the organization’s operations. The case can be used for teaching of alternate Models of Crisis Management and Change Management. Complexity academic level: The case is developed to teach the courses of Executive training programs and MBA programs in business schools. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 11: Strategy. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
ABSTRACT
During the outbreak of the COVID-19 illness, mRNA (messenger RNA) injections proved to be effective vaccination. Among the presently available analytical techniques, UV/VIS spectrophotometry is a trustworthy and practical instrument that may provide information on the chemical components of the vaccine at the molecular level. In this paper, we will present a one-dimensional grating of InGaAs as a prospect grating structure for UV-VIS spectrometer that can be used for mRNA vaccine development. The main parameters and the wavelength region used in mRNA vaccine development lies in the range of 200 nm to 700 nm (UV-VIS Range). The incorporation of new materials that are excellent for cutting-edge semiconductor industry procedures for MEMS manufacture, as well as new optimal parameters, will improve the grating and spectrometer's performance which will enhance the mRNA vaccine development and manufacturing workflows enabled by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Hence we evaluated the feasibility of the materials, Si (Silicon), GaN (Gallium Nitride), InGaAs (Indium Gallium Arsenide) and InP (Indium Phosphide) as a grating material. Reflection spectrum of the proposed structure shows 48% increase compared to the grating made up of Silicon. In order to model wave propagation in one grating unit cell, electromagnetic waves frequency domain interface is used. The periodic constraints of floquet periodicity are used for simulation at both faces of the unit cell. The reflectance of grating with each material as functions of the angle of incidence was plotted. Also we evaluated the effect of grating thickness, groove density, spectral resolution and efficiency over different materials namely Si, GaN, InGaAs and InP. After optimizing geometric parameters, the designed InGaAs based grating achieved a efficiency of 87.45% and can be a reliable prospect for mRNA based vaccine development.
ABSTRACT
A new airborne transmittable disease, coronavirus (COVID-19), was discovered by China in late December 2019. The virus is spread by direct contact with infected people's respiratory droplets (from coughing and sneezing) and virus-infected surfaces. COVID-19 can survive for hours on surfaces, but disinfectants can kill it. Pathogens have evolved and become resistant to conventional drugs and disinfectants. This proposed new approach using TiO2 for infectious diseases is needed to outwit these cunning saboteurs. Nanotechnology creates a unique way to modify material at the level of atoms and particles. Nanotechnology has enabled self-cleaning surfaces based on the advanced oxidation process (AOP). The outside is coated with a thin layer of nanosized TiO2 (titanium dioxide) photocatalyst. UV rays stimulate nano TiO2 and initiate AOP. The process reactions lead to the formation of oxygen vacancies in surface-bound water particle surfaces. Because of copper doping (1 % Weight of copper and 0.5 % Weight of copper), the bandgap is minimized and excitation occurs at visible light. Consequently, these photocatalyst surfaces have changed properties. Microorganisms are inactivated, excess toxins are degraded, and pollutants are removed. Toilet seats, floors, hospitals, homes, airports, railways, and road terminals can all be coated with TiO2. Microorganisms can be killed by TiO2coated or TiO2 doped with copper. These purify the air in hospitals. They can also be used to kill microorganisms on road pavements. They can also be used to coat intravenous masks and catheters to stop COVID-19. © 2022 by ASTM International
ABSTRACT
Sensing COVID-19, GOx (glucose oxidase enzyme) in exhaled breath condensate/saliva, bio-molecules like KIM (Kidney Injury Molecule) in human body and pH value in human body fluids have gained huge attention in the present scenario as well as in the past decade. Hence, for the first time, double channel technique in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) is proposed and its applicability is demonstrated by biosensing application. Simulation using SILVACO Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) based on numerical solid state models has been extensively used for investigation and analysis. The sensitivity of double channel device is compared with single channel device and its performance is evaluated in terms of the transconductance. Unlike the single channel device, double channel device exhibited wide range of transconductance with respect to gate bias. The device recorded a sensitivity of 136%, which is 74% higher than the sensitivity of single channel device. Hence, it is inferred that the sensitivity enhances with the use of multiple channels and could be increased by increasing the number of channels. The results of this research show that the proposed sensor stands a promising candidate for future biosensing applications that demand high detection limits. © 2021